1
From: "Human Potential & Development."
Split Justification: Development fundamentally involves both our inner landscape (**Internal World**) and our interaction with everything outside us (**External World**). (Ref: Subject-Object Distinction)..
2
From: "Internal World (The Self)"
Split Justification: The Internal World involves both mental processes (**Cognitive Sphere**) and physical experiences (**Somatic Sphere**). (Ref: Mind-Body Distinction)
3
From: "Somatic Sphere"
Split Justification: The Somatic Sphere encompasses all physical aspects of the self. These can be fundamentally divided based on whether they are directly accessible to conscious awareness and subjective experience (e.g., pain, touch, proprioception) or whether they operate autonomously and beneath the threshold of conscious perception (e.g., heart rate, digestion, cellular metabolism). Every bodily sensation, state, or process falls into one of these two categories, making them mutually exclusive and comprehensively exhaustive.
4
From: "Autonomic & Unconscious Somatic Processes"
Split Justification: ** All unconscious somatic processes are fundamentally regulated through either the dedicated neural pathways of the autonomic nervous system or through the intrinsic, self-regulating mechanisms of other physiological systems (e.g., endocrine, immune, cellular, local tissue systems). These two categories comprehensively cover all autonomous and unconscious bodily functions and are mutually exclusive in their primary regulatory mechanism.
5
From: "Non-Neural Autonomous Physiological Processes"
Split Justification: Non-neural autonomous physiological processes can be fundamentally divided based on the scale and transport mechanism of their primary regulatory signals. One category encompasses regulation achieved through chemical messengers (such as hormones, circulating cytokines, or antibodies) that are transported via body fluids (blood, lymph, interstitial fluid) to exert widespread or distant effects throughout the organism. The other category comprises processes that are intrinsic to the cell or local tissue itself, relying on internal cellular mechanisms (e.g., metabolism, gene expression), direct physical or chemical responses within the immediate tissue environment, or paracrine/autocrine signaling confined to the immediate vicinity, without requiring systemic transport for their primary regulatory action. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a regulatory mechanism either relies on systemic transport for its primary action or it does not, and together they comprehensively cover all non-neural autonomous physiological processes.
6
From: "Cellular and Local Intrinsic Regulation"
Split Justification: Cellular and Local Intrinsic Regulation encompasses all non-systemic, non-neural physiological processes that are intrinsic to a cell or its immediate local tissue environment. These processes can be fundamentally divided based on whether they operate strictly within the confines of a single cell (Intracellular Regulation, covering internal cellular mechanisms like metabolism, gene expression, and autocrine signaling) or whether they involve interactions between multiple adjacent cells or with the immediate non-cellular components of the local tissue environment (Local Intercellular and Tissue Microenvironment Regulation, covering paracrine signaling, juxtacrine signaling, and regulation of the extracellular matrix and local physiochemical conditions). These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a regulatory process is either contained within a single cell or involves elements external to it but still within the local vicinity, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of non-systemic, non-neural intrinsic regulation.
7
From: "Local Intercellular and Tissue Microenvironment Regulation"
Split Justification: Local Intercellular and Tissue Microenvironment Regulation can be fundamentally divided based on whether the primary regulatory mechanism involves direct physical contact or connection between adjacent cells, or whether it relies on signals or influences mediated by the extracellular matrix and interstitial fluid. The former category encompasses mechanisms requiring direct cell-to-cell physical interaction (e.g., juxtacrine signaling, gap junctions, adherens junctions). The latter category includes regulation via chemical messengers that diffuse through the interstitial fluid to nearby cells (e.g., paracrine signaling), as well as the influence of the extracellular matrix's physical and chemical properties and local physiochemical conditions (e.g., pH, oxygen levels) on cellular function. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a regulatory interaction either fundamentally requires direct cellular contact or it does not, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of local intercellular and tissue microenvironment regulation described by the parent node.
8
From: "Contact-Dependent Intercellular Regulation"
Split Justification: ** All contact-dependent intercellular regulation mechanisms fundamentally establish either a direct physical channel connecting the cytoplasms of adjacent cells, allowing for the passage of ions and small molecules, or they involve interactions exclusively at the cell surface through membrane-bound molecules or structural complexes that do not create cytoplasmic continuity. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a mechanism either provides direct cytoplasmic connection or it does not, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of direct cell-to-cell contact regulation.
9
From: "Surface-Mediated Contact Regulation"
Split Justification: ** Surface-mediated contact regulation fundamentally occurs via two distinct mechanisms: either through specific molecular recognition events where membrane-bound ligands bind to corresponding receptors on an adjacent cell, directly initiating intracellular signal transduction pathways, or through the formation of stable physical connections and seals between cells that provide structural integrity or create barriers. These two mechanisms are mutually exclusive, as the primary mode of regulation is either signal initiation or physical linkage/barrier creation, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of surface-mediated contact regulation.
10
From: "Specific Molecular Recognition and Signal Initiation"
Split Justification: ** Specific Molecular Recognition and Signal Initiation describes mechanisms where membrane-bound ligands bind to receptors on adjacent cells, triggering intracellular signals. These mechanisms fundamentally divide into those where the receptor itself possesses an intrinsic effector function (such as an enzymatic domain or ion channel) that directly transduces the signal upon ligand binding, and those where the receptor primarily functions by binding to and activating distinct, independent cytoplasmic signaling molecules or complexes to initiate the downstream cascade. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a receptor's immediate signal transduction mechanism is either inherent to its structure or relies on separate associated partners, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of specific molecular recognition leading to signal initiation.
11
From: "Receptors Coupling to Independent Cytoplasmic Effectors"
Split Justification: ** Receptors coupling to independent cytoplasmic effectors fundamentally operate through two distinct mechanisms. One category encompasses receptors whose interaction with a single, immediate cytoplasmic effector directly induces a functional change in that effector, such as a conformational switch or catalytic activity (e.g., nucleotide exchange), thereby directly activating it. The other category comprises receptors that primarily serve as docking platforms, recruiting multiple distinct cytoplasmic proteins (e.g., enzymes, adapter proteins) to form a larger signaling complex, within which these recruited components then activate each other (often via proximity-induced enzymatic reactions like phosphorylation) to propagate the signal. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a receptor's primary mode of action is either to directly activate a single bound effector or to organize a complex of multiple interacting effectors, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of receptors that couple to independent cytoplasmic effectors.
12
From: "Receptors facilitating assembly of multi-component signaling complexes"
Split Justification: ** Receptors facilitating the assembly of multi-component signaling complexes achieve this through two fundamentally distinct mechanisms. One category includes receptors whose own cytoplasmic domains possess multiple, diverse binding sites (often through post-translational modifications like phosphorylation) that directly recruit and organize the various components of the signaling complex, thus serving as the primary multi-docking platform. The other category encompasses receptors whose primary action is to recruit or activate a distinct, independent scaffolding or adapter protein, which then itself acts as the central multi-docking platform for the downstream signaling components. These two categories are mutually exclusive because the primary entity providing the multiple binding sites for complex assembly is either the receptor's own cytoplasmic domain or a distinct, recruited/activated scaffolding/adapter protein. Together, they comprehensively cover all mechanisms by which a receptor can facilitate the assembly of multi-component signaling complexes.
✓
Topic: "Receptors directly providing multiple binding sites for complex assembly" (W5821)