1
From: "Human Potential & Development."
Split Justification: Development fundamentally involves both our inner landscape (**Internal World**) and our interaction with everything outside us (**External World**). (Ref: Subject-Object Distinction)..
2
From: "Internal World (The Self)"
Split Justification: The Internal World involves both mental processes (**Cognitive Sphere**) and physical experiences (**Somatic Sphere**). (Ref: Mind-Body Distinction)
3
From: "Somatic Sphere"
Split Justification: The Somatic Sphere encompasses all physical aspects of the self. These can be fundamentally divided based on whether they are directly accessible to conscious awareness and subjective experience (e.g., pain, touch, proprioception) or whether they operate autonomously and beneath the threshold of conscious perception (e.g., heart rate, digestion, cellular metabolism). Every bodily sensation, state, or process falls into one of these two categories, making them mutually exclusive and comprehensively exhaustive.
4
From: "Autonomic & Unconscious Somatic Processes"
Split Justification: ** All unconscious somatic processes are fundamentally regulated through either the dedicated neural pathways of the autonomic nervous system or through the intrinsic, self-regulating mechanisms of other physiological systems (e.g., endocrine, immune, cellular, local tissue systems). These two categories comprehensively cover all autonomous and unconscious bodily functions and are mutually exclusive in their primary regulatory mechanism.
5
From: "Non-Neural Autonomous Physiological Processes"
Split Justification: Non-neural autonomous physiological processes can be fundamentally divided based on the scale and transport mechanism of their primary regulatory signals. One category encompasses regulation achieved through chemical messengers (such as hormones, circulating cytokines, or antibodies) that are transported via body fluids (blood, lymph, interstitial fluid) to exert widespread or distant effects throughout the organism. The other category comprises processes that are intrinsic to the cell or local tissue itself, relying on internal cellular mechanisms (e.g., metabolism, gene expression), direct physical or chemical responses within the immediate tissue environment, or paracrine/autocrine signaling confined to the immediate vicinity, without requiring systemic transport for their primary regulatory action. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a regulatory mechanism either relies on systemic transport for its primary action or it does not, and together they comprehensively cover all non-neural autonomous physiological processes.
6
From: "Cellular and Local Intrinsic Regulation"
Split Justification: Cellular and Local Intrinsic Regulation encompasses all non-systemic, non-neural physiological processes that are intrinsic to a cell or its immediate local tissue environment. These processes can be fundamentally divided based on whether they operate strictly within the confines of a single cell (Intracellular Regulation, covering internal cellular mechanisms like metabolism, gene expression, and autocrine signaling) or whether they involve interactions between multiple adjacent cells or with the immediate non-cellular components of the local tissue environment (Local Intercellular and Tissue Microenvironment Regulation, covering paracrine signaling, juxtacrine signaling, and regulation of the extracellular matrix and local physiochemical conditions). These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a regulatory process is either contained within a single cell or involves elements external to it but still within the local vicinity, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of non-systemic, non-neural intrinsic regulation.
7
From: "Local Intercellular and Tissue Microenvironment Regulation"
Split Justification: Local Intercellular and Tissue Microenvironment Regulation can be fundamentally divided based on whether the primary regulatory mechanism involves direct physical contact or connection between adjacent cells, or whether it relies on signals or influences mediated by the extracellular matrix and interstitial fluid. The former category encompasses mechanisms requiring direct cell-to-cell physical interaction (e.g., juxtacrine signaling, gap junctions, adherens junctions). The latter category includes regulation via chemical messengers that diffuse through the interstitial fluid to nearby cells (e.g., paracrine signaling), as well as the influence of the extracellular matrix's physical and chemical properties and local physiochemical conditions (e.g., pH, oxygen levels) on cellular function. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a regulatory interaction either fundamentally requires direct cellular contact or it does not, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of local intercellular and tissue microenvironment regulation described by the parent node.
8
From: "Contact-Dependent Intercellular Regulation"
Split Justification: ** All contact-dependent intercellular regulation mechanisms fundamentally establish either a direct physical channel connecting the cytoplasms of adjacent cells, allowing for the passage of ions and small molecules, or they involve interactions exclusively at the cell surface through membrane-bound molecules or structural complexes that do not create cytoplasmic continuity. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a mechanism either provides direct cytoplasmic connection or it does not, and together they comprehensively cover all forms of direct cell-to-cell contact regulation.
9
From: "Direct Cytoplasmic Junctions"
Split Justification: Direct Cytoplasmic Junctions can be fundamentally divided based on the structural barriers they overcome to establish cytoplasmic continuity. One category encompasses junctions that solely bridge the narrow intercellular space between apposed plasma membranes of adjacent cells, typical of animal cells. The other category includes junctions that additionally traverse a rigid cell wall, extending through it to connect the cytoplasms of neighboring cells, characteristic of plant cells and some fungi. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a direct cytoplasmic junction either encounters a cell wall as an additional barrier or it does not, and together they comprehensively cover all known forms of direct cytoplasmic connection between cells.
10
From: "Direct Cytoplasmic Junctions Traversing Cell Walls"
Split Justification: ** Direct Cytoplasmic Junctions Traversing Cell Walls can be fundamentally divided based on the presence or absence of a desmotubule, a modified tubule of the endoplasmic reticulum, as a central structural component. One category includes junctions that integrate this ER-derived tubule (e.g., plasmodesmata), while the other encompasses junctions that establish cytoplasmic continuity through alternative structural arrangements without such a desmotubule (e.g., fungal septal pores). These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a junction either contains a desmotubule or it does not, and together they comprehensively cover all known forms of direct cytoplasmic junctions that traverse cell walls.
11
From: "Direct Cytoplasmic Junctions Featuring a Desmotubule"
Split Justification: Direct Cytoplasmic Junctions Featuring a Desmotubule can be fundamentally divided based on the architectural complexity of their cytoplasmic channels. One category encompasses junctions that form a single, unbranched cytoplasmic channel connecting adjacent cells. The other category comprises junctions where the primary channel branches into multiple smaller channels, often within the cell wall or on one or both sides, creating a more intricate network for intercellular communication. These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a plasmodesma either exhibits a single, unbranched channel or it exhibits a branched configuration, and together they comprehensively cover all known structural forms of plasmodesmata.
12
From: "Simple Plasmodesmata"
Split Justification: Simple Plasmodesmata can be fundamentally divided based on their developmental origin and the timing of their formation. One category encompasses those formed de novo during cell division and cytokinesis, where segments of the endoplasmic reticulum are entrapped in the developing cell plate, establishing cytoplasmic continuity between daughter cells (Primary Plasmodesmata). The other category comprises those formed post-cytokinesis, established by the creation of new channels through existing mature cell walls between adjacent cells, which may or may not be of the same clonal lineage (Secondary Plasmodesmata). These two categories are mutually exclusive, as a simple plasmodesma is either formed during cell division or it is formed subsequent to it, and together they comprehensively cover all known forms of simple plasmodesmata based on their developmental timeline.
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Topic: "Secondary Plasmodesmata" (W6461)