1
From: "Human Potential & Development."
Split Justification: Development fundamentally involves both our inner landscape (**Internal World**) and our interaction with everything outside us (**External World**). (Ref: Subject-Object Distinction)..
2
From: "Internal World (The Self)"
Split Justification: The Internal World involves both mental processes (**Cognitive Sphere**) and physical experiences (**Somatic Sphere**). (Ref: Mind-Body Distinction)
3
From: "Cognitive Sphere"
Split Justification: Cognition operates via deliberate, logical steps (**Analytical Processing**) and faster, intuitive pattern-matching (**Intuitive/Associative Processing**). (Ref: Dual Process Theory)
4
From: "Analytical Processing"
Split Justification: Analytical thought engages distinct symbolic systems: abstract logic and mathematics (**Quantitative/Logical Reasoning**) versus structured language (**Linguistic/Verbal Reasoning**).
5
From: "Linguistic/Verbal Reasoning"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the receptive aspects of linguistic reasoning, involving the understanding and interpretation of spoken or written language, from the expressive aspects, which involve the formulation and production of spoken or written language. These are distinct, fundamental processes that together encompass all facets of verbal reasoning.
6
From: "Verbal Expression"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the construction of logically sound arguments (Structuring an Argument) from the use of stylistic and persuasive language to influence an audience (Rhetorical Technique).
7
From: "Structuring an Argument"
Split Justification: An argument's structure can be based on reasoning from general principles to a guaranteed specific conclusion (Deductive Structuring) or from specific observations to a probable generalization (Inductive Structuring).
8
From: "Inductive Structuring"
Split Justification: This dichotomy differentiates between structuring an argument to derive a broad, often universal, principle or law from specific instances (Universal Generalization) versus structuring an argument to conclude a specific fact, cause, or prediction about a particular event or state based on accumulated evidence (Particular Inference). These represent the two distinct types of conclusions and argument structures within inductive reasoning.
9
From: "Particular Inference"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates two fundamental methods of inductive particular inference: deriving a conclusion for a specific instance based on observed similarities with another specific instance (analogy), versus applying a broader pattern or rule, generalized from multiple observations, to a specific instance.
10
From: "Analogical Inference"
Split Justification: This dichotomy distinguishes between analogical inferences that primarily rely on shared, observable attributes or features (surface similarities) and those that depend on shared relational structures or principles (structural similarities). This distinction is fundamental to the cognitive mechanisms underlying analogy, influencing the depth, validity, and robustness of the inference.
11
From: "Inference Based on Surface Similarities"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates inferences based on direct sensory input (e.g., visual appearance, sound, texture) from those based on non-perceptual, superficial relationships, groupings, or co-occurrences (e.g., spatial proximity, temporal contiguity, simple categorization, common presentation). These two categories comprehensively cover the scope of surface similarities while remaining distinct and mutually exclusive.
12
From: "Inference from Shared Associative Contexts"
Split Justification: This dichotomy differentiates between inferences drawn when the shared context is based on the intrinsic meaning, conceptual category, or definitional relationships of elements (semantic association) versus inferences drawn when the shared context is based on the functional relationships, practical co-occurrence, or situational usage of elements (pragmatic association). This provides a fundamental and comprehensive division for how associative contexts contribute to inference, with each child concept representing a distinct type of underlying association.
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Topic: "Inference from Pragmatic Associative Contexts" (W7383)