1
From: "Human Potential & Development."
Split Justification: Development fundamentally involves both our inner landscape (**Internal World**) and our interaction with everything outside us (**External World**). (Ref: Subject-Object Distinction)..
2
From: "Internal World (The Self)"
Split Justification: The Internal World involves both mental processes (**Cognitive Sphere**) and physical experiences (**Somatic Sphere**). (Ref: Mind-Body Distinction)
3
From: "Cognitive Sphere"
Split Justification: Cognition operates via deliberate, logical steps (**Analytical Processing**) and faster, intuitive pattern-matching (**Intuitive/Associative Processing**). (Ref: Dual Process Theory)
4
From: "Analytical Processing"
Split Justification: Analytical thought engages distinct symbolic systems: abstract logic and mathematics (**Quantitative/Logical Reasoning**) versus structured language (**Linguistic/Verbal Reasoning**).
5
From: "Linguistic/Verbal Reasoning"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the receptive aspects of linguistic reasoning, involving the understanding and interpretation of spoken or written language, from the expressive aspects, which involve the formulation and production of spoken or written language. These are distinct, fundamental processes that together encompass all facets of verbal reasoning.
6
From: "Verbal Comprehension"
Split Justification: This split distinguishes between understanding the explicit, directly stated meaning of verbal information and understanding the unstated, implied, or deeper meaning that requires synthesis and deduction. These represent distinct levels of cognitive processing within overall verbal comprehension.
7
From: "Literal Comprehension"
Split Justification: Literal comprehension, while aiming for the explicit meaning, is fundamentally processed through two distinct input modalities: visual (written language) and auditory (spoken language). The cognitive mechanisms for decoding and understanding orthographic symbols differ significantly from those for phonological sounds, making this a fundamental and mutually exclusive dichotomy that comprehensively covers all forms of verbal literal comprehension.
8
From: "Literal Comprehension of Spoken Language"
Split Justification: Literal comprehension of spoken language fundamentally involves understanding the explicit meaning of individual words and phrases (lexical units) as they are heard, and understanding the explicit meaning derived from the grammatical relations and syntactic structure that connect those words within the utterance. These two components are distinct yet essential for full literal comprehension.
9
From: "Literal Comprehension of Spoken Grammatical Relations"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the two primary and distinct linguistic mechanisms by which grammatical relations are encoded and comprehended in spoken language. Syntactic structure refers to the arrangement of words and phrases (e.g., word order, constituent grouping), while morphological inflection refers to changes in word forms (e.g., case markers, agreement endings, verb tense suffixes) that signal grammatical roles. These represent fundamentally different types of cues processed during literal comprehension.
10
From: "Comprehension of Spoken Grammatical Relations via Morphological Inflection"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the two primary, functionally distinct ways morphological inflection conveys grammatical relations in spoken language. The first child concept focuses on understanding relations signaled by inflectional features that indicate concord or feature matching between elements (e.g., subject-verb agreement, adjective-noun agreement). The second child concept focuses on understanding relations signaled by inflectional features that mark the syntactic or semantic roles of arguments within a sentence (e.g., nominative, accusative, dative case marking for subject, direct object, indirect object). Together, these two concepts comprehensively cover the scope of grammatical relations conveyed via morphological inflection.
11
From: "Comprehension of Inflectional Argument Structure/Case"
Split Justification: This dichotomy distinguishes the comprehension of inflectional cues that identify the primary actor or topic (Subject/Agent) from those that identify all other participants (e.g., objects, recipients, instruments) in a sentence's argument structure. This represents a fundamental division in how grammatical relations are understood via morphological inflection.
12
From: "Comprehension of Inflectional Marking for Non-Subject/Agent Roles"
Split Justification: This split differentiates between the comprehension of the grammatical function (syntactic case, e.g., accusative, dative) signaled by inflectional marking, and the comprehension of the conceptual/thematic role (e.g., patient, recipient, instrument) of the non-subject/agent in the event. While often related, syntactic case and semantic role are distinct levels of linguistic representation, and understanding inflectional marking can involve processing either or both. They are mutually exclusive in their definition and together cover the full scope of what inflection communicates about non-subject/agent arguments.
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Topic: "Comprehension of Inflectional Marking for Semantic/Thematic Roles of Non-Subject/Agent Roles" (W8135)