1
From: "Human Potential & Development."
Split Justification: Development fundamentally involves both our inner landscape (**Internal World**) and our interaction with everything outside us (**External World**). (Ref: Subject-Object Distinction)..
2
From: "Internal World (The Self)"
Split Justification: The Internal World involves both mental processes (**Cognitive Sphere**) and physical experiences (**Somatic Sphere**). (Ref: Mind-Body Distinction)
3
From: "Cognitive Sphere"
Split Justification: Cognition operates via deliberate, logical steps (**Analytical Processing**) and faster, intuitive pattern-matching (**Intuitive/Associative Processing**). (Ref: Dual Process Theory)
4
From: "Analytical Processing"
Split Justification: Analytical thought engages distinct symbolic systems: abstract logic and mathematics (**Quantitative/Logical Reasoning**) versus structured language (**Linguistic/Verbal Reasoning**).
5
From: "Linguistic/Verbal Reasoning"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the receptive aspects of linguistic reasoning, involving the understanding and interpretation of spoken or written language, from the expressive aspects, which involve the formulation and production of spoken or written language. These are distinct, fundamental processes that together encompass all facets of verbal reasoning.
6
From: "Verbal Expression"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the construction of logically sound arguments (Structuring an Argument) from the use of stylistic and persuasive language to influence an audience (Rhetorical Technique).
7
From: "Rhetorical Technique"
Split Justification: This split distinguishes rhetorical techniques that primarily appeal to reason and clarity (such as explanatory analogies) from those that appeal to emotion, character, and authority (such as ethos and pathos).
8
From: "Ethos/Pathos Appeals"
Split Justification: The parent node explicitly references two distinct rhetorical appeals. This split separates these two fundamental and individually significant appeals, which differ in their focus (speaker's character/credibility vs. audience's emotions) and are mutually exclusive in their primary mechanism, while together comprehensively covering the scope of the parent concept.
9
From: "Pathos Appeals"
Split Justification: Pathos appeals aim to evoke an emotional response in an audience, and these emotions can be fundamentally categorized by their valence as either positive (e.g., hope, joy, inspiration) or negative (e.g., fear, anger, sadness). This dichotomy covers the full spectrum of emotional influence.
10
From: "Appeals to Negative Affect"
Split Justification: This dichotomy distinguishes between rhetorical appeals that evoke negative emotions primarily concerning the audience's own person, actions, or potential outcomes (e.g., fear for oneself, guilt, shame, regret) versus those that evoke negative emotions directed towards entities, situations, or ideas external to the audience's immediate self (e.g., anger at an injustice, disgust with an opponent, sadness for others' plight, contempt for a policy). This provides a clear, mutually exclusive, and exhaustive categorization based on the primary target or focus of the negative affect.
11
From: "Negative Affect Directed Towards External Factors"
Split Justification: This dichotomy differentiates between negative affect that motivates an individual to actively confront, change, or interact with an external factor (e.g., anger leading to confrontation) versus affect that prompts withdrawal, avoidance, or a passive stance towards it (e.g., fear leading to flight, sadness leading to disengagement). This covers the two fundamental ways negative affect can be directed towards external elements.
12
From: "Negative Affect Driving Passive Disengagement"
Split Justification: This split differentiates between two primary modes of passive disengagement. Avoidant disengagement describes the act of preventing or precluding interaction with an external factor (e.g., procrastination due to fear of failure). Withdrawn disengagement describes the act of retreating or ceasing engagement with an ongoing or present external factor (e.g., social isolation due to anxiety). These two forms are largely mutually exclusive in their manifestation and collectively cover the spectrum of passive non-action driven by negative affect towards external factors.
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Topic: "Withdrawn Disengagement" (W8183)