1
From: "Human Potential & Development."
Split Justification: Development fundamentally involves both our inner landscape (**Internal World**) and our interaction with everything outside us (**External World**). (Ref: Subject-Object Distinction)..
2
From: "Internal World (The Self)"
Split Justification: The Internal World involves both mental processes (**Cognitive Sphere**) and physical experiences (**Somatic Sphere**). (Ref: Mind-Body Distinction)
3
From: "Cognitive Sphere"
Split Justification: Cognition operates via deliberate, logical steps (**Analytical Processing**) and faster, intuitive pattern-matching (**Intuitive/Associative Processing**). (Ref: Dual Process Theory)
4
From: "Analytical Processing"
Split Justification: Analytical thought engages distinct symbolic systems: abstract logic and mathematics (**Quantitative/Logical Reasoning**) versus structured language (**Linguistic/Verbal Reasoning**).
5
From: "Quantitative/Logical Reasoning"
Split Justification: Logical reasoning can be strictly formal following rules of inference (**Deductive Proof**) or drawing general conclusions from specific examples (**Inductive Reasoning Case Study**). (L5 Split)
6
From: "Inductive Reasoning Case Study"
Split Justification: Induction involves forming general rules (**Hypothesis Generation**) and testing their predictive power (**Hypothesis Testing**). (L6 Split)
7
From: "Hypothesis Testing"
Split Justification: Testing a hypothesis involves designing a fair test (**Designing a Simple Experiment**) and drawing conclusions from the outcome (**Interpreting Results**).
8
From: "Designing a Simple Experiment"
Split Justification: Designing a simple experiment fundamentally involves two distinct yet complementary aspects: first, establishing the core elements that will be manipulated, measured, or kept constant (variables and controls); and second, detailing the step-by-step execution plan, including methodology, data collection, and logistical considerations (experimental protocol).
9
From: "Identification of Variables and Controls"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the dynamic aspects of an experiment from its static or reference aspects. "Elements Subject to Variation and Measurement" encompass all types of variables (independent, dependent, extraneous) that are manipulated, observed, or allowed to change to investigate their effects. "Elements Maintained for Stability and Comparison" refer to controlled variables and control groups, which are deliberately kept constant or serve as a baseline to isolate the impact of the varied elements. This split is fundamental to experimental design, as these two categories represent mutually exclusive roles for any factor within an experiment and together comprehensively define what is identified when considering variables and controls.
10
From: "Elements Subject to Variation and Measurement"
Split Justification: This dichotomy distinguishes between the elements whose state, variation, or constancy is actively set, altered, or maintained by the experimenter as part of the experimental design (e.g., independent variables, control variables), and those whose variation is primarily observed as an outcome or a potential confound (e.g., dependent variables, extraneous variables/external influences). This provides a comprehensive and mutually exclusive classification of all elements subject to variation and measurement in a simple experiment.
11
From: "Measured Variables and External Influences"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates the elements of an experiment that are the direct focus of the hypothesis (e.g., independent and dependent variables that are measured) from all other elements that influence the experimental outcome or validity but are not the primary subjects of investigation (e.g., environmental conditions, extraneous variables, potential confounds). This covers both the core "measured variables" and the broader "external influences".
12
From: "Contextual and Confounding Factors"
Split Justification: This dichotomy separates influences that threaten the ability to draw valid cause-and-effect conclusions from the experimental setup (internal validity) from those that determine the generalizability and applicability of findings to other populations, settings, or times (external validity). Confounding factors are primary threats to internal validity, while broader contextual elements primarily define external validity.
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Topic: "Factors Affecting External Validity" (W7727)